US Army Corps of Engineers
Engineer Research and Development Center Website

Research: Bibliography

Arcone, Steven A. (1984) CRREL report 84-17: Pulse transmission through frozen silt, 19 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Arcone, Steven A. and Allan J. Delaney (1982) Dielectric properties of thawed active layers overlying permafrost using radar at VHF. Radio Science 17 (3): 618–626.

Arcone, Steven A. and Allan J. Delaney (1984) Field dielectric measurements of frozen silt using VHF pulses. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 9: 29–37.

Arcone, Steven A. and Allan J. Delaney (1985) Dielectric studies of permafrost using cross borehole VHF pulse propagation. In Special report 85-5: Workshop on permafrost geophysics; Golden Colorado, 23–24 October 1984, ed. J. Brown, M.C. Metz, P. Hoekstra, 3–5. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Arcone, Steven A. and Allan J. Delaney (1988) Borehole investigations of the electrical properties of frozen silt. In Vol. 2 of Proceeding of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost in Trondheim, Norway, August 1988, ed. K. Senneset, 910–915. Trondheim, Norway: Tapir Publishers.

Arcone, Steven A. and Allan J. Delaney (1989) CRREL Report 89-4: Investigations of dielectric properties of some frozen materials using cross-borehole radiowave pulse transmissions, 18 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Arcone, Steven A., Allan J. Delaney and Paul V. Sellmann (1979) CRREL Report 79-23: Effects of seasonal changes and ground ice on electromagnetic surveys of permafrost, 24 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Arcone, Steven A., Paul V. Sellmann, and Allan J. Delaney (1978) Shallow electromagnetic geophysical investigations of permafrost. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Third International Permafrost Conference: July 10–13, 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 501–507. Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council of Canada.

Bjella, Kevin (2008) The effect of near-freezing temperatures on the stability of an underground excavation in permafrost. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost: University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29–July 3, 2008, ed. D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel, 119–124. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Northern Engineering.

Bjella, Kevin (2008) Evaluation of the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel. TR-08-11. US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. 2008.

Bray, Matthew T. (2008) Effects of soil cryostructure on the long-term strength of ice-rich permafrost near melting temperatures. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost: University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29–July 3, 2008, ed. D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel, 183–188. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Northern Engineering.

Bray, Matthew T., Hugh M. French, and Yuri Shur (2006) Further cryostratigraphic observations in the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel, Fox, Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 17(3): 233–243.

Brown, Jerry and Raymond A. Kreig, eds. (1983) Guidebook 4: Guidebook to permafrost and related features along the Elliott and Dalton Highway, Fox to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, 39–43. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys. Buckley, James D., Milton A. Trautman, and Eric H. Willis (1968) Isotopes' radiocarbon measurements. VI. Radiocarbon, 10(2): 246; 248–249.

Delaney, Allan J. (1987) Special Report 87-7: Preparation and description of a research geophysical borehole site containing massive ground ice near Fairbanks, Alaska, 15 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Delaney, Allan J. and Steven A. Arcone (1984) Dielectric measurements of frozen silt using time domain reflectometry. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 9:39–46.

Dick, Richard A. (1969) Evaluating blasting techniques in frozen gravel. Mining Congress Journal, 55(9): 30–32; 34–36.

Fortier, Daniel, Mikhail Kanevskiy, and Yuri Shur (2008) Genesis of Reticulate-Chaotic Cryostructure in Permafrost. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost: University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29–July 3, 2008, ed. D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel, 451–456. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Northern Engineering.

Garbeil, H.M. (1983) Temperature and time effects upon the closure of a gravel room in permafrost. M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 134 pp.

Grey, Peter A. (2007) The Alaska Permafrost Tunnel. The Professional Geologist, 44(4): 3.

Hamilton, Thomas D., John L. Craig, and Paul V. Sellmann (1988) The Fox permafrost tunnel: A late Quaternary geologic record in central Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100(6): 948–969.

Huang, Scott L. (1985) Temperature and time effects on the closure of a gravel room in permafrost. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 22(1): 53–65.

Huang, Scott L., Nolan B. Aughenbaugh, and Ming-Chee Wu (1986) Stability study of CRREL Permafrost Tunnel. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 112(8): 777–790.

Huang, Scott L. and Harold Garbeil (1983) In-situ displacement analysis of underground opening in permafrost regions. In Proceedings of First Annual Workshop: Generic Mineral Technology Center; Mine Systems and Design and Ground Control; Blacksburg, Virginia, November 28–29, 1983, ed. M. Karmis and J.R. Lucas, 67–82. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Huang, Scott L. and Richard C. Speck (1989) An investigation into creep behavior of CRREL tunnel, Alaska. In Mining in the Arctic, Proceedings of First International Symposium on Mining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17–19 July 1989, ed. B. Sukumar and F.J. Skudrzyk, Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp. 65–73.

Huang, Scott L. and Ming-Chee Wu (1983) Optimization of pillar dimensions in permafrost placer mine. In Proceedings of First Annual Workshop: Generic Mineral Technology Center; Mine Systems and Design and Ground Control; Blacksburg, Virginia, November 28–29, 1983, ed. M. Karmis and J.R. Lucas, 143–156. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Huang, S.L. and M.C. Wu (1984) In-situ displacement analysis of underground opening in permafrost regions (II) – Time and Geometric Effects. In Proceedings of Second Annual Workshop: Generic Mineral Technology Center; Mine Systems and Design and Ground Control; Reno, Nevada, November 12–13, 1984, ed. M. Karmis and J.R. Lucas, 73–84. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Hunter, J.A. (1974) Seismic velocity measurements in permafrost, Fox Tunnel, Fairbanks, Alaska. Canada. Geological Survey Paper 74-1, pt. B, pp. 89–90.

Hunter, Lewis E., Allan J. Delaney, Daniel E. Lawson, and Les Davis (2003) Downhole GPR for high-resolution analysis of material properties near Fairbanks, Alaska. Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 211: 275–285.

Johansen, N.I., P.C. Chalich, and E.W. Wellen (1981) Special Report 81–8: Sublimation and its control in the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Johansen, N.I., and J.W. Ryer (1982) Permafrost creep measurements in the CRREL tunnel. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Hanover, New Hampshire. Hanover, New Hampshire: U.S. Army CRREL, 61–63.

Johnson, Jerome B. and Ralph D. Lorenz (200) Thermophysical properties of Alaskan loess: An analog material for the Martian polar layered terrain, Geophysical Research Letters, 27(17): 2769–2772.

Kanevskiy, Mikhail, Daniel Fortier, Yuri Shur, Matthew Bray, and Torre Jorgenson (2008) Detailed cryostratigraphic studies of syngenetic permafrost in the winze of the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel, Fox, Alaska. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost: University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29–July 3, 2008, ed. D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel, 889–894. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Northern Engineering.

Kvenvolden, Keith A., Thomas D. Lorenson, and Valerie Barber (1994) Methane in the Fox permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2107, ed. A.B. Till and T.E. Moore, 31–37. Denver, CO: U.S. Geological Survey.

Ladanyi, B. and P.A. Huneault (1989) Cone penetrometer tests in permafrost – the Fox tunnel, Alaska. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Mining in the Arctic, Fairbanks, 17–19 July, 1989. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, pp. 75–82.

Ladanyi, B., B. Touileb, and P. Huneault (1991) Pressuremeter stress relaxation testing in a permafrost tunnel. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Geotechnical Engineering Congress in Boulder, Colorado, June 10–12, 1991, ed. F.G. McLean, D.A. Campbell, and D.W. Harris, 213–224. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers.

Law, K.H. (1987) Time-dependent bearing capacity of frozen ground. M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 129 pp.

Linell, Kenneth A. and Edward F. Lobacz (1978) Some experiences with tunnel entrances in permafrost. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Third International Permafrost Conference: July 10–13, 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 813–819. Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council of Canada.

Long, Austin and Troy L. P&ecaute;wé (1996) Radiocarbon dating by high-sensitivity liquid scintillation counting of wood from the Fox permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 7(3): 281–285.

McAnerney, John M. (1967) Experiments in Excavating Frozen Silt Underground. In Alaska Minerals Conference, University of Alaska Fairbanks, College, Alaska, 23–26 May, 1967, 20 p. (Preprint)

McAnerney, John M., I. Hawkes, and W.F. Quinn (1969) Blasting frozen ground with compressed air. In Proceedings of the Third Canadian Conference on Permafrost, Jan. 14–15, 1969: Technical Memorandum no. 96, ed. R.J.E. Brown, 39–58. Ottawa: National Research Council Canada, Associate Committee on Geotechnical Research.

Mukesh, Kumar (1985) Design of a Pillar in Time Dependent Materials, M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 148 p.

Murrmann, R.P., D.C. Leggett, and T.F. Jenkins (1970) Special Report 148: Feasibility of tunnel detection by trace gas analysis. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Pettibone, Howard C. (1973) Stability of an underground room in frozen gravel. In North American Contribution to Permafrost: Second International Conference; 13–28 July 1973, Yakutsk, U.S.S.R., 699–706. Washington: National Academy of Sciences.

Pettibone, Howard C. and Galen G. Waddell (1969) Stability of an underground room in frozen, gold-bearing strata, Fairbanks, Alaska: oral presentation, preprints, and publication; For the 75th Annual Northwest Mining Association Convention, December 5–6, 1969, Spokane, Washington, 14 p. (Preprint)

Pettibone, H.C., and G.G. Waddell (1971) Stability of an underground room in frozen gravel. In Proceedings of the 9th annual engineering geology and soils engineering symposium: Boise, Idaho, April 5,6, and 7, 3–30.

Péwé, Troy L. (1978) Tyndall figures in ice crystals of ground ice in permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska. In Vol. 1 of Proceedings of the Third International Permafrost Conference: July 10–13, 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 312–317. Ottawa, Canada: National Research Council of Canada.

Robinson, Mark S., Thomas E. Smith, Robert B. Forbes, Paul A. Metz, and Richard D. Reger (1989) Geology of the Fairbanks mining district, East-Central Alaska. In Alaskan geological and geophysical transect: Valdez to Coldfoot, Alaska, June 24–July 5, 1989, ed. W.J. Nokleberg and M.A. Fisher, 63–69. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union.

Sayles, Francis H. (1985) Creep of a strip footing on ice-rich permafrost. In Foundations in Permafrost and Seasonal Frost; Proceedings of a session of the ASCE Convention in Denver, Colorado, April 29, 1985, ed. A. Wuori and F.H. Sayles, 29–51. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. New York.

Sellmann, Paul V. (1967) Technical Report 199: Geology of the USA CRREL Permafrost Tunnel Fairbanks, Alaska. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Sellmann, Paul V. (1972) Special Report 177: Geology and properties of materials exposed in the USACRREL Permafrost Tunnel. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Sellmann, Paul V., Allan J. Delaney, and Steven A. Arcone (1984) Special Report 84-17: Conductive backfill for improving electrical grounding in frozen soils. Hanover, NH.: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Shur, Yuri, Hugh M. French, Matthew T. Bray, and D.A. Anderson (2004) Syngenetic permafrost growth: cryostratigraphic observations from the CRREL tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 15(4): 339–347.

Skudrzyk, Frank J. (1983) Preliminary studies of the effectiveness of water jet cutting on frozen ground: Final report, P.O. B4620191, 35 p. Fairbanks Alaka: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Alaska Field Preparation Center.

Skudrzyk, Frank J. and Kumar Mukesh (1984) Optimization of pillar dimensions in permafrost placer mine. In Proceedings of Second Annual Workshop: Generic Mineral Technology Center; Mine Systems and Design and Ground Control; Reno, Nevada, November 12–13, 1984, ed. M. Karmis and J.R. Lucas, 51–71. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Smith, James L. (1970) Research Report 287: Shock effects on frozen materials; exploding wire experiments. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Speck, R.C., S.L. Huang, and H.K. Law (1989) In-situ plate-load tests of frozen silt and gravel. In Proceeding 5th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering, pp. 252–261, St. Paul, MN.

Swinzow, George K. (1967) The Alaska Permafrost Tunnel: Technical Note, 50 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Swinzow, George K. (1970) Technical Report 221: Permafrost tunneling by a continuous mechanical method, 37 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Taiki Katayama, Michiko Tanaka, Jun Moriizumi, Toshio Nakamura, Anatoli Brouchkov, Tom A. Douglas, Masami Fukuda, Fusao Tomita, and Kozo Asano (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria preserved in a permafrost ice wedge for 25,000 years. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(7): 2360–2363.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (1981) CRREL Permafrost Tunnel. CRREL Benchnotes, 17: 1–7. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

U.S. Army Material Command (1967) Description of USA CRREL Permafrost Tunnel at Fox, Alaska, 4p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Vinson, Ted S., Charles R. Wilson, and Peter Bolander (1983) Dynamic properties of frozen silt. In Permafrost: Fourth International Conference Proceedings, July 17–22, 1983, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1315–1320. Washington: National Academy Press.

Waldrop, M.P., R. White III, and T.A. Douglas (2008) Isolation and Identification of Cold-Adapted Fungi in the Fox Permafrost Tunnel, Alaska. In Vol. 2 of Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost: University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29–July 3, 2008, ed. D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel, 1887–1891. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Northern Engineering.

Watanabe, O. (1969) On the structure of ground ice in the USA CRREL Permafrost Tunnel, Fairbanks, Alaska. Seppyo, 31(3): 53–62. (in Japanese).

Weerdenburg, P.C., and N.R. Morgenstern (1983) Underground cavities in ice-rich frozen ground. In Permafrost: Fourth International Conference Proceedings, July 17–22, 1983, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1384–1389. Washington: National Academy Press.

Wellen, Earl W. (1979) Sublimation of ice in permafrost silt at the CRREL tunnel, 155p. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska.

Wooller, Matthew J., Grant D. Zazula, Mary Edwards, Duane G. Froese, Richard D. Boone, Carolyn Parker, and Bruce Bennett (2007) Stable carbon isotope compositions of Eastern Beringian grasses and sedges: Investigating their potential as paleoenvironmental indicators. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39 (2): 318–331.

Wu, M.C. (1985) The temperature and geometry influences on an underground opening in the frozen ground. M.S. Thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 186 pp.

Zhu, Y. and D.L. Carbee (1983) Creep behavior of frozen silt under constant uniaxial stress. In Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Permafrost, Fairbanks, AK. Pp. 1505–1512.

Zhu Yuanlin and David L Carbee (1987) CRREL Report 87-10: Creep and strength behavior of frozen silt in uniaxial compression, 67 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

Zhu Yuanlin and David L Carbee (1987) CRREL Report 87-15: Tensile strength of frozen silt, 23 p. Hanover, NH: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.