4 Nov 2025

High-Frequency Electromagnetic Induction for Oil Detection in Freshwater Ice Conditions

Abstract: High-frequency electromagnetic induction (HFEMI) effectively detects objects and materials in environments where visual detection may not be possible. Existing HFEMI sensor designs are for detection of improvised explosive devices and unexploded ordinances. This project applied this technology to oil spill detection and response applications. Because of the significant ice cover experienced in the Great Lakes Regions, the US Coast Guard requires fast and effective means to detect and characterize oil spills in and under layers of ice. HFEMI technology was adapted and evaluated for its ability to detect submerged oil of various types under several conditions of ice. The signal response of the sensor shows this technology is effective at detecting different types and volumes of oil in thin to moderate ice conditions, but could be improved to expand the distance of detection for thicker ice coverage.