1 Jun 2026

Operational Analysis of Composting for Military Installation Resilience

Abstract: On military installations, food waste is the heaviest portion of solid waste. At a single installation, food waste and its management can contribute up to $1.5 million lost annually. Additionally, Army installations pay over $100 million annually in disposal fees. Army policy calls for source reduction and composting as preferred methods of waste management over landfilling. As of 2025, 11 states and Washing-ton, DC, have laws that restrict food waste from being landfilled, with some laws more stringent than others. Composting is one way to align with both Army policy and local laws. Several installations have on-post composting operations, and others send food waste to nearby commercial compost facilities, where those are available. In FY 2024, 33 installations reported food recycling, which includes composting, anaerobic digestion, and other food-waste diversion. If composting on-post, a suitable location, equipment, and labor are needed. Multiple methods of composting for an installation must be considered. But composting can be worthwhile and may be more economical than landfilling. When installations are deciding how to manage food waste, they should consider their resources, organic waste generation tonnage, labor availability, and potential for cost savings. Depending on their location, on-post and off-post commercial options may be possible.

30 Jan 2025

Investigation of Bioplastic Degradation for Military In-Field Applications Implementation of Sustainable Practices into the US Military for Rapid Biodegrading Polylactic Acid (PLA) Plastic in Compostable Environments

Abstract: The Army Climate Strategy has identified goals to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to reach net-zero Army GHG emissions by 2050. Producing fossil-fuel-based plastics releases GHG emissions and plastic bottles are difficult to dispose, especially in contingency locations. Soldiers prefer hydrating with plastic water bottles, which leads to GHG emissions. This project investigates using bioplastics for water bottles. These bioplastics are produced from natural materials and can break down faster with alternative disposal methods, such as composting. Challenges include finding a material with a stable shelf life and the capability to hold water, but also one that that degrades with ease in the right composting environment. As part of this project, partners at the University of Minnesota are developing a new polylactic acid (PLA) material to fit the material properties needed for this application. Their research is ongoing. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) researchers tested commercial PLA in calorimeter and incubator studies and with a full-scale demonstration of the commercial composting Sustainable Generation Mobile System. The PLA did not completely degrade, and testing showed mixed results on finished compost quality. Recommendations included continued testing, experimenting with other bioplastics, and changing compost feedstock variables.